Evolution

EVOLUTION is the change in allele frequencies in a population over time, driven by a variety of mechanisms including natural selection (reproduction), genetic drift (isolation), gene flow (such as bottlenecking), and others. However, evolution as a plausible theory hinges upon demonstrating beneficial germline mutations that alter protein folds (called nonsynonymous) into novel shapes and thereby new functions, which emerge as beneficial physiological morphology or fitness gains in life forms.